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  <title>002-Mass Hysteria, Airborne Sheepdogs and Mark Twain's Brother</title>
  <description>As skywatchers prepared for the return of Halley's comet in 1910, they heard some alarming scientific predictions: Poisonous gases in the comet's tail might &amp;quot;snuff out all life on the planet,&amp;quot; &amp;quot;leaving the burnt and drenched Earth no other atmosphere than the nitrogen now present in the air.&amp;quot; How should a responsible citizen evaluate a dire prediction by a minority of experts? In this week's episode of the Futility Closet podcast, we explore the Halley's hysteria, remember the alarming predictions made for Y2K, and recall a forgotten novella in which Arthur Conan Doyle imagined a dead Earth fumigated by cosmic ether.We also consider the odd legacy of an Australian prime minister who disappeared in 1967, investigate the role of balloon-borne sheepdogs during the Siege of Paris, learn why Mark Twain's brother telegraphed the entire Nevada constitution to Washington D.C. in 1864, and offer a chance to win a book in the next Futility Closet Challenge.</description>
  <author_name>Futility Closet</author_name>
  <author_url>https://www.futilitycloset.com/podcast/</author_url>
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