{"version":1,"type":"rich","provider_name":"Libsyn","provider_url":"https:\/\/www.libsyn.com","height":90,"width":600,"title":"439. The Semiflexible Era: Schindler and the Pre-Fiberoptic Revolution","description":"By the early 20th century, endoscopy had evolved from candle-lit brass tubes into electrically&amp;nbsp;illuminated rigid instruments. The decisive shift toward flexibility \u2014 the stage upon which Rudolf&amp;nbsp;Schindler would make his contribution \u2014 was the product of several converging advances in&amp;nbsp;optics, illumination, and instrument design that began in the late 19th century. ","author_name":"Surgery 101","author_url":"http:\/\/surgery101.org","html":"<iframe title=\"Libsyn Player\" style=\"border: none\" src=\"\/\/html5-player.libsyn.com\/embed\/episode\/id\/39696790\/height\/90\/theme\/custom\/thumbnail\/yes\/direction\/forward\/render-playlist\/no\/custom-color\/88AA3C\/\" height=\"90\" width=\"600\" scrolling=\"no\"  allowfullscreen webkitallowfullscreen mozallowfullscreen oallowfullscreen msallowfullscreen><\/iframe>","thumbnail_url":"https:\/\/assets.libsyn.com\/secure\/content\/197391680"}