{"version":1,"type":"rich","provider_name":"Libsyn","provider_url":"https:\/\/www.libsyn.com","height":90,"width":600,"title":"Plumeworld ocean and snowball Earth","description":"How Snowball Earth melted Science Sessions are brief conversations with cutting-edge researchers, National Academy members, and policymakers as they discuss topics relevant to today's scientific community. Learn the behind-the-scenes story of work published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), plus a broad range of scientific news about discoveries that affect the world around us. In this episode, Shuhai Xiao explores how the Earth emerged from a planetwide glaciation called Snowball Earth. In this episode, we cover: \u2022[00:00] Introduction \u2022[00:48] Geobiologist Shuhai Xiao introduces us to Snowball Earth. \u2022[01:58] Xiao introduces the \u201cplumeworld\u201d hypothesis that describes the end of Snowball Earth. \u2022[03:41] He explains how lithium isotopes in rocks can confirm the plumeworld hypothesis. \u2022[05:54] Xiao explains why dolostone deposits in China were suitable for studying this hypothesis. \u2022[06:53] He talks about the results of the study. \u2022[07:39] He talks about the implications of the study results. \u2022[08:26] Caveats and limitations of the study. \u2022[10:06] Conclusion. About Our Guests: Shuhai Xiao Professor Virginia Tech View related content here: https:\/\/www.pnas.org\/doi\/full\/10.1073\/pnas.2407419121 Follow us on Spotify,  Apple Podcasts, YouTube, or wherever you get your podcasts for more captivating discussions on scientific breakthroughs! Visit Science Sessions on PNAS.org: https:\/\/www.pnas.org\/about\/science-sessions-podcast&amp;nbsp; Follow PNAS: Twitter\/X Facebook LinkedIn YouTube Sign up for the PNAS Highlights newsletter ","author_name":"PNAS Science Sessions","author_url":"http:\/\/pnas-science-sessions-podcast.libsyn.com\/website","html":"<iframe title=\"Libsyn Player\" style=\"border: none\" src=\"\/\/html5-player.libsyn.com\/embed\/episode\/id\/34551710\/height\/90\/theme\/custom\/thumbnail\/yes\/direction\/forward\/render-playlist\/no\/custom-color\/88AA3C\/\" height=\"90\" width=\"600\" scrolling=\"no\"  allowfullscreen webkitallowfullscreen mozallowfullscreen oallowfullscreen msallowfullscreen><\/iframe>","thumbnail_url":"https:\/\/assets.libsyn.com\/secure\/item\/34551710"}