{"version":1,"type":"rich","provider_name":"Libsyn","provider_url":"https:\/\/www.libsyn.com","height":90,"width":600,"title":"This Is (still) Halloween","description":"\u266a\u266bThis is Halloween!  This is Halloween!\u266b\u266a  Supporters on our Patreon and fans in our FB group chose the topics for today's episode (plus now there's a sub-reddit):  01:35 sorting Dracula fact from fiction 07:49 how horror stars got their stars 20:01 when did clowns become scary 23:29 the history behind zombies 28:38 movie monster fast facts!  Mentioned in the show: Overly Sarcastic's Frankenstein run-down Cutting Class podcast on Christopher Lee Oh No! Lit Class on The Phantom   Who needs a costume when you could wear this?!   Read the full script. Reach out and touch Moxie on FB, Twit, the 'Gram or email. Music by Kevin MacLeod  Sponsor: City of Ghosts Brandi B. asked that we sort fact from fiction on Vlad Dracula.  Personally, I can remember a time when I didn\u2019t know that Vlad the Impaler was thought to be the inspiration from Bram Stoker\u2019s genre-launching vampire Dracula.  Hop in your magic school bus, police box, or phone booth with aerial antenna, and let\u2019s go back to 15th\u2019s century Wallachia, a region of modern day Romania that was then the southern neighbor of the province of Transylvania.  Our Vlad was Vlad III.  Vlad II, his father, was given the nickname Dracul by his fellow Crusade knights in the Order of the Dragon, who were tasked with defeating the Ottoman Empire.  Wallachia was sandwiched between the Ottomans and Christian Europe and so became the site of constant bloody conflict.  Without looking it up, I\u2019m going to guess that they failed, since the Ottoman Empire stood until 1923.  Dracul translated to \u201cdragon\u201d in old Romanian, but the modern meaning is more like devil.  Add an A to the end to denote son-of and you\u2019ve got yourself a Vlad Dracula.   At age 11, Vlad and his 7-year-old brother Radu went with their father on a diplomatic mission into the Ottoman Empire.  How\u2019s it go?  No too good.  The three were taken hostage.  Their captors told Vlad II that he could be released \u2013 on condition that the two sons remain.  Since it was his only option, their father agreed.  The boys would be held prisoner for 5 years.  One account holds that they were tutoried in the art of war, science and philosophy.  Other accounts says they were also subjected to torture and abuse.  When Vlad II returned home, he was overthrown in a coup and he and his eldest son were horribly murdered.   Shortly thereafter, Vlad III was released, with a taste for violence and a vendetta against the Ottomans.  To regain his family\u2019s power and make a name for himself, he threw a banquet for hundreds of members of his rival families.  On the menu was wine, meat, sweetbreads, and gruesome, vicious murder.  The guests were stabbed not quite to death, then impaled on large spikes.  This would become his signature move, leading to his moniker Vlad the Impaler, but wasn\u2019t the only arrow in his quiver.  Facing an army three times the size of his, he ordered his men to infiltrate their territory, poison wells and burn crops.  He also paid diseased men to go in and infect the enemy.  Defeated combatants were often treated to disemboweling, flaying alive, boiling, and of course impalement.  Basically, you turn your enemy into a kabob and let them die slowly and, just as important, conspicuously.  Vlad\u2019s reputation spread, leading to stories we have trouble sorting from legend, like that he once took dinner in a veritable forest of spikes.  We do know that in June of 1462, he ordered 20,000 defeated Ottomans to be impaled.  It\u2019s a scale that\u2019s hard to even imagine.   When the Ottoman Sultan Mehmed II came upon the carnage, he and his men fled in fear back to Constantinople.  You\u2019d think Vlad was on the road to victory, but shortly after, he was forced into exile and imprisoned in Hungary. [[how?]]  He took a stab, no pun intended, on regaining Wallachia 15 years later, but he and his troops were ambushed and killed.  According to a contemporary source, the Ottomans cut his corpse into pieces and marched it back to Sultan Medmed II, who ordered them displayed over the city\u2019s gates.  History does not record where the pieces ended up.   Vlad the Impaler was an undeniably brutal ruler, but he\u2019s still considered one of the most important rulers in Wallachian history for protecting it against the Ottomans and a national hero of Romania.  He was even praised by Pope Pius II for his military feats and for defending Christendom.  So how did get get from Vlad Dracula, the Impaler, a warrior king with a taste for torture, to, 400 years later, Dracula the undead creature of the night who must feed on the blood of living, can morph into bats or mist, and must sleep in his native earth?  Historians have speculated that Irish author Bram Stoker met with historian Hermann Bamburger, who told him about Vlad III, which ignited some spark of inspiration, but there\u2019s not actually any evidence to back this up.  Stoker was actually the first writer that we know of to have a vampire drink blood.  Vampires are actually a common folklore baddie around the world, from the obayifo in Africa which can take over people\u2019s bodies and emit phosphorus light from their armpits and anus to the manananggal of the Philippines who can detach her torso from her legs so she can fly around with her organs trailing behind her and use her snakelike tongue to steal babies from the womb.  In Western culture, though, Vlad the Impaler became the basis for everything from Bela Lugosi\u2019s Dracula to Count Chocula.  That means he\u2019s also the source of the Twilight saga, truly one of history\u2019s greatest monsters.   Ronnie asked for \u201chow some legends got their stars.\u201d  I wasn\u2019t sure what that meant, so I asked for clarification.  No, I didn\u2019t, I launched off immediately and at a full gallop with the first interpretation that came to mind, as I do in all aspects of my life.  So let\u2019s talk horror actors and the Hollywood walk of fame.   Even if he weren\u2019t a recognizable face, Vincent Price is probably the most recognizable voice in horror history.  For folks my age, you probably heard him for the first time on Michael Jackson\u2019s Thriller.  Folks in their 30\u2019s might have heard him first as Prof. Ratigan in The Great Mouse Detective.  Price wasn\u2019t always a horror icon.  He\u2019d done theater, radio, including Orson Wells Mercury Theater of the Air, and other genres of films, but 1953\u2019s House of Wax, which was also the first 3D movie to crack the top 10 box office gross for its year, solidified his place in horror history.  It\u2019s almost odd that Price went into acting at all.  His father was the president of the National Candy Company and his grandfather had set the family up with independent means thanks to his brand of cream of tartar.  Price and his wife Mary wrote a number of cookbooks, one of which my mother had when I was young.  You cannot fathom my confused disappointment that it was just a regular cookbook full of regular, boring, non-scary recipes.  And now, for no other reason than it makes me smile, is another amazing voice, Stephen Fry, talking about Price on QI.:  Romanian-born Bela Lugosi was a classical actor in Hungary before making the move to movies.  In fact, he was already playing Dracula on stage when the movie was being assembled.  Lugosi wanted the role so badly he agreed to do it for $500 per week, about $9K today, only one quarter that of actor David Manners who played Jonathan Harker.  It was a good investment, I\u2019d say, since everyone knows Lugosi and this was the first time I\u2019d ever seen David Manners\u2019 name.  Though Lugosi turned down the role of the monster in Frankenstein, he was quickly locked into horror.  He appeared in minor roles in a few good movies, like \u201cNinotchka\u201d with Greta Garbo, but mostly bounced like a plinko chip from mediocre to bad movies, with ever decreasing budgets.  His drug addiction probably had a cyclical relationship with his work prospects.  He died two days into filming the absolutely dreadful \u201cPlan 9 From Outer Space\u201d and was replaced by a much younger and taller actor and his ex-wife\u2019s chiropractor because he fit the costume.   Peter Lorre is a name you might not recognize, but you would absolutely recognize his overall aesthetic.  It\u2019s still being referenced and parodied to this day.  See the bad guy?  Is he short, with round eyes, and a distinctive way of speaking?  What you got there is Peter Lorre.  Hungarian-born Lorre struck out at 17 to become a star.  For 10 years he played bit parts in amateur productions, but in 1931 he got his big break in the German film \u201cM,\u201d and Hollywood took notice.  His first English-speaking role was in the Hitchcock thriller \u201cThe Man Who Knew Too Much.\u201d  The character spoke English, but Lorre didn\u2019t.  Just like Bela Legosi during his first turn as Dracula, Lorre had to memorize his lines phonetically.  Imagine how difficult it must be to put the right pacing and inflection into a sentence when you don\u2019t know which word means what.  He continued portraying psychopaths until John Huston cast him in a quasi-comic role in \u201cThe Maltese Falcon\u201d with Humphrey Bogart and Sidney Greenstreet, which led to lighter roles like the one he played in Arsenic and Old Lace.  If you never seen it, make it you next choice.  It\u2019s a comedy, but you can definitely watch it with your horror movies, since it\u2019s about a pair of serial killers hiding bodies in their cellar.   Arsenic and Old Lace also features a bad guy getting plastic surgery to avoid the police, which accidentally leaves him looking like Boris Karloff and he\u2019s really touchy about it.  I don\u2019t know why.  Even though he played many monsters and villains in his career, Karloff was said to actually be a kind, soft-spoken man who was happiest with a good book or in his garden.  We hear him narrate How the Grinch Stole Christmas every year.  He doesn\u2019t sing the song, though.  That\u2019s Thurl Ravenscroft, who was also the original voice of Tony the Tiger.  The title role in Frankenstein took Karloff from bit player to household name.  Karloff said of the monster, \u201cHe was inarticulate, helpless and tragic.  I owe everything to him. He\u2019s my best friend.\u201d  By the way, if you\u2019re one of those people who delights in going \u201cUm, actually, Frankenstein was the name of the doctor,\u201d can you not?  We all know that.  And since it\u2019s the last name of the man who gave him life, aka his father, it\u2019s a perfectly passable patronym to use.  Oh and by the way Mr or Ms Superior Nerd, Frankenstein wasn\u2019t a doctor, he was a college dropout.  I refer you to my much-beloved Red at Overly Sarcastic Productions on YouTube for a thorough explanation of the actual story.  Penny Dreadful did get pretty close in their interpretation.   Here\u2019s a name more people should know, John Carradine.  Wait, you say, the guy from Kill Bill?  No, that\u2019s his son David.  Oh, you mean the FBI guy the sister was dating on Dexter.  No, that\u2019s his other son Keith.  Revenge of the Nerds?  No, that\u2019s Robert.  The patriarch John Carradine was in over 500 movies, big names like Grapes of Wrath and A Funny Thing Happened on the Way to the Forum, but he also did a lot of horror, though it could be a mixed bag \u2014 everything from Dracula in House of Dracula down to Billy the Kid vs Dracula.  Not always for the love of it, either.  Sometimes a gig\u2019s just a gig.  He told one of his sons, \u201cJust make sure that if you\u2019ve got to do a role you don\u2019t like, it makes you a lot of money.\u201d  Good advice for many areas of life.  If you\u2019ve got Prime Video or Shudder, look for The Monster Club.  It\u2019s an darling, schlocky little anthology movie, which they just don\u2019t seem to make anymore, starring Carradine and Vincent Price.     Jaime Lee Curtis could have been on this list since she was in 5 of the Halloween films, but I just don\u2019t think people think \u201chorror\u201d when they hear her name.   There were a few names surprisingly not set in the stones.  While \u2018man of a thousand faces\u2019 Lon Chaney, who played the original Phantom of the Opera and Hunchback of Notre Dame, has a star, his son, Lon Chaney Jr, who played the Wolfman, the Mummy and numerous other roles in dozens of horror movies, does.  Somehow, Christopher Lee doesn\u2019t either.  In addition to the 282 roles on his imdb page, he deserves a star just for playing Dracula 10 times and still having a career after that.  Also, he was metal as fuck, recording metal albums into his 80\u2019s and there was the time he corrected director Peter Jackson on what it\u2019s like when you stab someone, because he *knew.  My buddies over at Cutting Class diverged from their usual format to tell us all about his amazing life.   Over in the Brainiac Breakroom, (plug sub reddit, thank Zach), Alyssa asked for the history behind clowns being evil.  One day, a man dressed up as a clown and it was terrifying.  Thank you for coming to my TED talk.   No?  Okay.  Fine!  It\u2019s not like I have to research them and keep seeing pictures of clowns.  Clowns weren\u2019t really regarded as frightening, or at least a fear of clowns wasn\u2019t widely known, from the creation of what we\u2019d recognize as a clown by Joseph Grimaldi in the 1820\u2019s until fairly recently.  David Carlyon, author, playwright and a former clown with Ringling Bros. and Barnum & Bailey Circus in the 1970s, argues that coulrophobia, the fear of clowns, was born from the counter-culture 1960s and picked up steam in the 1980s.  \u201cThere is no ancient fear of clowns,\u201d he said. \u201cIt wasn\u2019t like there was this panic rippling through Madison Square Garden as I walked up through the seats. Not at all.\u201d  For centuries, clowns were a funny thing for kids \u2014 there was Bozo, Ronald McDonald, Red Skelton\u2019s Clem Kaddidlehopper and Emmet Kelly\u2019s sad clown\u2013 then bam!  Stephen King\u2019s hit novel \u201cIt,\u201d the doll in \u201cPoltergeist,\u201d and every incarnation of The Joker.  It could be seen as a pendulum swing.  Clowns had been so far to the good side that it must have been inevitable they would swing *way the hell over to evil.   Not so fast, argues Benjamin Radford, author of the book \u201cBad Clowns,\u201d who argues that evil clowns have always been among us.  \u201cIt\u2019s a mistake to ask when clowns turned bad because historically they were never really good.  Sometimes they\u2019re making you laugh. Other times, they\u2019re laughing at your expense.\u201d  Radford traces bad clowns all the way to ancient Greece and connects them to court jesters and the Harlequin figure.  He points particularly to Punch of the Punch & Judy puppet shows that date back to the 1500s.  Punch was not only not sweet and loveable, he was violent, abusive, and even homicidal.   Maybe when isn\u2019t as important as why.  Why are some of us afraid of clowns?  Personally, I think it\u2019s their complete disregard for personal space.  Kindly keep your grease-painted face at least arm\u2019s length away.  The grease paint may be part of it.  It exaggerates the features.  The face is basically human in composition, but it\u2019s not.  It dangles us over the edge of the uncanny valley, where something makes us uncomfortable because it is *almost human.  The makeup obscures the wearer\u2019s identity, so we don\u2019t really know who we\u2019re dealing with.  Clowns also act in aberrant ways, contrary to societal norms and expectations, and that might subconsciously get our back up.  As for coulrophilia, sexual attraction to clowns\u2026. I got nothing.  You do you.   Charlie asked for the real history behind popular horror icons, like werewolves, vampires, and zombies.  Even though the zombie craze held on longer than the 2017 obsession with bacon, most people don\u2019t know about them pre-George Romero\u2019s Night of the Living Dead.   The word \u201czombie\u201d first appeared in English around 1810 in the book \u201cHistory of Brazil,\u201d this was \u201cZombi,\u201d a West African deity.  The word later came to suggest a husk of a body without vital life energy, human in form but lacking the self-awareness, intelligence, and a soul.  The Atlantic slave trade caused the idea to move across the ocean, where West African religions began to mix with force Christianity.  Pop culture continually intermixes many African Diasporic traditions and portrays them exclusively as Voodoo. However, most of what is portrayed in books, movies, and television is actually hoodoo. Voodoo is a religion that has two markedly different branches: Haitian Vodou and Louisiana Vodoun. Hoodoo is neither a religion, nor a denomination of a religion\u2014it is a form of folk magic that originated in West Africa and is mainly practiced today in the Southern United States.   Haitian zombies were said to be people brought back from the dead (and sometimes controlled) through magical means by voodoo priests called bokors or houngan. Sometimes the zombification was done as punishment (striking fear in those who believed that they could be abused even after death), but often the zombies were said to have been used as slave labor on farms and sugarcane plantations. In 1980, one mentally ill man even claimed to have been held captive as a zombie worker for two decades, though he could not lead investigators to where he had worked, and his story was never verified.   To many people, both in Haiti and elsewhere, zombies are very real and as such very frightening.  Think about it.  These people were enslaved, someone else claimed dominion over their body, but they still had their mind and their spirit.  What could be more frightening to an enslaved person than an existence where even that is taken from you?   In the 1980s when a scientist named Wade Davis claimed to have found a powder that could create zombies, thus providing a scientific basis for zombie stories, a powerful neurotoxin called tetrodotoxin, which can be found in several animals including pufferfish.  He claimed to have infiltrated secret societies of bokors and obtained several samples of the zombie-making powder, which were later chemically analyzed.  Davis wrote a book on the topic, \u201cThe Serpent and the Rainbow,\u201d which was later made into a really underappreciated movie.  Davis was held up as the man who had scientifically proven the existence of zombies, but skeptic pointed out that the samples of the zombie powder were inconsistent and that the amounts of neurotoxin they contained were not high enough to create zombies.  It\u2019s not the kind of thing you can play fast & loose with.  Tetrodotoxin has a very narrow band between paralytic and fatal.  Others pointed out nobody had ever found any of the alleged Haitian plantations filled with zombie laborers.  While Davis acknowledged problems with his theories, and had to lay to rest some sensational claims being attributed to him, he insisted that the Haitian belief in zombies *could be based on the rare happenstance of someone being poisoned by tetrodotoxin and later coming to in their coffin.   Bonus fact: Ever wonder where we get brain-eating zombies from?  Correlation doesn\u2019t equal causation, but the first zombie to eat brains was the zombie known as Tarman in 1984\u2019s Return of the Living Dead.  This wasn\u2019t a George Romero movie, though.  It\u2019s based on a novel called  Return of the Living Dead by John Russo, one of the writers of Night of the Living Dead.  After Russo and Romero parted company, Russo retained the rights to any titles featuring the phrase \u201cLiving Dead.\u201d    Cindra asked for movie monster facts.  The moon is getting full, so let\u2019s hit these facts muy rapido.   1922\u2019s Nosferatu was an illegal and unauthorized adaption of Bram Stoker\u2019s Dracula.  Stoker\u2019s heirs sued over the film and a court ruling ordered that all copies be destroyed.  However, Nosferatu subsequently surfaced in other countries and came to be regarded as an influential masterpiece of cinema.   Not a single photograph of Lon Chaney as the Phantom in The Phantom of the Opera (1925) was published in a newspaper or magazine, or seen anywhere before the film opened in theaters.  It was a complete surprise to the audience and to Chaney\u2019s costar Mary Philbin, whos shriek of fear and disgust was genuine.   In the original Dracula, Lugosi never once blinks his eyes on camera, to give his character an otherworldy vibe.  Francis Ford Coppolla did something similar by having Dracula\u2019s shadow move slightly independently, like the rules of our world don\u2019t apply to him.   Even though he starred in the film, Boris Karloff was considered such a no-name nobody that Universal didn\u2019t invite him to the premiere of 1931\u2019s Frankenstein.   Karloff\u2019s classic Mummy the next year did not speak because the actor had so many layers of cotton glued to his face that he couldn\u2019t move his mouth.   The Creature from the Black Lagoon\u2019s look was based on old seventeenth-century woodcuts of two bizarre creatures called the Sea Monk and the Sea Bishop.   To make a man invisible for 1933\u2019s The Invisible Man, director James Whale had Claude Rains dressed completely in black velvet and filmed him in front of a black velvet background.   The movie poster for The Mummy (1932) holds the record for the most money paid for a movie poster at an auction: nearly half a million dollars.   Boris Karloff\u2019s costume and makeup for 1935\u2019s Bride of Frankenstein were so heavy and hot that he lost 20 pounds during filming, mostly through sweat.  His shoes weighed 13 lb\/6 kg\/1 stone apiece.   The large grosses for the film House on Haunted Hill (1960) were noticed by Sir Alfred Hitchcock was inspired to make a horror movie after the seeing the box office gross for William Castle\u2019s House on Haunted Hill.   Filming the shower scene for Psycho was pretty mundane, but actress Janet Leigh was so terrified by seeing the finished product \u2013thanks to the editing by Alma Reveill-Hitchcock and Bernard Herrmann score\u2013 that she did not shower, only bathed, from the premier in 1960 to her death in 2004.  You can read more about Alma Revill in the YBOF book.   According to our friends Megan and RJ at Oh No! Lit Class podcast, the first use of Toccata Fuge in G Minor in a film was the 1962 Phantom of the Opera.  It\u2019s hard to imagine classic horror without it.   In Night of the Living Dead, the body parts the zombies ate were ham covered in chocolate sauce.  George Romero joked that they shouldn\u2019t bother putting the zombie makeup on the actors because the choco-pork made them look pale and sick with nausea anyway.   A lot of people know that Michael Myers\u2019 mask in the original Halloween was actually a William Shatner mask painted white.  They bought it because it was on clearance and the film had a small budget.  Most people don\u2019t know that Shatner later repaid the favor by dressing up as Michael Myers for Halloween.   Freddy Kruger\u2019s look was based on a scary drunk man Wes Craven saw outside his home as a child.  His glove made of leather and steak knives was actually inspired by Craven\u2019s cat.  Looks down at scratches on both arms.  Yeah, that checks out.  The idea of being killed in your sleep comes from real deaths of people who survived the Khmer Rouge in Cambodia, only to die mysteriously later.   1987\u2019s The Monster Squad. With a werewolf, a mummy, Dracula, and Frankenstein\u2019s monster in the mix, the group looked suspiciously like the line-up of the 1930s and \u201940s Universal horror movies. To avoid confusion (i.e. lawsuits), filmmaker Fred Dekker made some subtle changes to his monsters, like removing Dracula\u2019s widow\u2019s peak, and moving Frankenstein\u2019s neck bolts up to his forehead. See? Totally different!   Yes, those were real bees in Candyman, even the ones in Candyman\u2019s mouth.  Tony Todd had a clause in his contract that he would get $1k for every bee sting he got during filming.  Even though juvenile bees with underdeveloped stingers were used, he still got $23k worth of stings.   You might think 1991\u2019s Silence of the Lambs was the first horror movie to win an Oscar, but Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde beat them to it by 60 years with Fredric March\u2019s Oscar for Best Actor. ","author_name":"Your Brain on Facts","author_url":"http:\/\/yourbrainonfacts.com","html":"