{"version":1,"type":"rich","provider_name":"Libsyn","provider_url":"https:\/\/www.libsyn.com","height":90,"width":600,"title":"57 - The Second Wave","description":"In August of 1918, a horrific second wave of the Spanish Flu crashed across the world. In this episode, the third of a four-part series exploring hydroxychloroquine and COVID-19, I\u2019ll explore this single moment in time, through the mysterious origins of the Spanish Flu and historiographical controversies, scientific missions to mass burial sites in remote Alaskan villages, the ill-fated journey of the HMS Mantua, debates about how to count victims of a pandemic, and the mystery behind Pfeiffer\u2019s bacillus. Plus a new #AdamAnswers about that annoying yellow on blue powerpoint template so common in the medical field!   Sources: Viboud, C. et al. Age- and Sex-Specific Mortality Associated With the 1918\u20131919 Influenza Pandemic in Kentucky. J Infect Dis 207, 721\u2013729 (2013). Oxford, J. S. & Gill, D. A possible European origin of the Spanish influenza and the first attempts to reduce mortality to combat superinfecting bacteria: an opinion from a virologist and a military historian. Hum Vacc Immunother 15, 2009\u20132012 (2019). Epps, H. L. V. Influenza: exposing the true killer. J Exp Medicine 203, 803\u2013803 (2006). Patterson, S. W. & Williams, F. E. PFEIFFER\u2019S BACILLUS AND INFLUENZA. Lancet 200, 806\u2013807 (1922). Taubenberger, J. K. & Morens, D. M. The 1918 Influenza Pandemic and Its Legacy. Csh Perspect Med a038695 (2019) doi:10.1101\/cshperspect.a038695. Trilla, A., Trilla, G. & Daer, C. The 1918 \u201cSpanish Flu\u201d in Spain. Clin Infect Dis 47, 668\u2013673 (2008). Taubenberger, J. K. The origin and virulence of the 1918 \u201cSpanish\u201d influenza virus. P Am Philos Soc 150, 86\u2013112 (2006). Heinz, E. The return of Pfeiffer\u2019s bacillus: Rising incidence of ampicillin resistance in Haemophilus influenzae. Microb Genom 4, (2018). Barry, J. M. The site of origin of the 1918 influenza pandemic and its public health implications. J Transl Med 2, 3 (2004). Johnson, N. P. A. S. & Mueller, J. Updating the Accounts: Global Mortality of the 1918-1920 \u201cSpanish\u201d Influenza Pandemic. B Hist Med 76, 105\u2013115 (2002).   Tomkins SM, Colonial Administration in British Africa during the Influenza Epidemic of 1918-19. Canadian Journal of African Studies \/ Revue Canadienne des \u00c9tudes Africaines. Vol. 28, No. 1 (1994), pp. 60-83 (24 pages) Qiang Liu et al, The cytokine storm of severe influenza and development of immunomodulatory therapy. Cell Mol Immunol. 2016 Jan; 13(1): 3\u201310. Spreeuwenberg et al. Reassessing the Global Mortality Burden of the 1918 Influenza Pandemic.Am J Epidemiol . 2018 Dec 1;187(12):2561-2567. doi: 10.1093\/aje\/kwy191. R. F. J. Pfeiffer: Vorl\u00e4ufige Mittheilungen \u00fcber den Erreger der Influenza. Deutsche medicinische Wochenschrift, Berlin, 1892, 18: 28. Die Aetiologie der Influenza. Zeitschrift f\u00fcr Hygiene und Infektionskrankheiten, 1893, 13: 357-386. ","author_name":"Bedside Rounds","author_url":"http:\/\/www.bedside-rounds.org","html":"