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  <title>3.2 Patterns of democracy with Prof Lijphart</title>
  <description>Welcome to episode 2 of Season 3 of&amp;amp;nbsp;Real Democracy Now! a podcast. Season 3 is looking at elections, electoral systems, electoral reform and alternatives. &amp;amp;nbsp; In today’s episode, I’m talking with  Professor Arend Lijphart about his work identifying two main categories of democracies which relate in part to their electoral systems.&amp;amp;nbsp; &amp;amp;nbsp; Arend is a&amp;amp;nbsp;Professor Emeritus of Political Science at the University of California. His field of&amp;amp;nbsp;specialisation is comparative politics. He is the author or editor of more than a dozen books, with the two editions of his Patterns of Democracy from 1984 and 2012 being perhaps his most&amp;amp;nbsp;well-known and the subject of our&amp;amp;nbsp;conversation today.&amp;amp;nbsp; &amp;amp;nbsp; I spoke with Professor Lijphart about&amp;amp;nbsp;  &amp;amp;nbsp;  How he came to devote his life to the detailed empirical analysis of democracy in multiple countries around the world [1.10]  &amp;amp;nbsp;  The relationship between his empirical work and his theory around patterns of democracy [5.30]  &amp;amp;nbsp;  The variables he uses to demonstrate that consensual democracies outperform majoritarian democracies [18:35 ]  &amp;amp;nbsp;  Criticisms that his approach does not apply to developing non-Western democracies [28.10] &amp;amp;nbsp; In the next episode I’ll be talking to Professor John Gastil, a Professor in the Department of Communication Arts &amp;amp;amp; Sciences at Penn State College of Liberal Arts,&amp;amp;nbsp;about a workshop he recently co-hosted with Erik Olin Wright, a Professor of Sociology at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, titled Legislature by Lot [32.37] &amp;amp;nbsp; I hope you’ll join me then. </description>
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