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  <title>2.2 From direct to representative democracy with Dr Roslyn Fuller and Professor Nadia Urbinati</title>
  <description> In today’s episode, I’m talking with Dr&amp;amp;nbsp;Roslyn Fuller and Professor&amp;amp;nbsp;Nadia Urbinati.&amp;amp;nbsp;   Dr Roslyn Fuller (dipl. jur./erstes Staatsexamen, Goettingen; PhD, Trinity College Dublin) is a Canadian-Irish academic and columnist, specializing in public international law, and the impact of technological innovation on democracy. Her latest book&amp;amp;nbsp;Beasts and Gods: How Democracy Changed Its Meaning and Lost Its Purpose&amp;amp;nbsp;explores the flaws of representative democracy and how they could be addressed through the application of ancient Athenian principles of&amp;amp;nbsp;demokratia&amp;amp;nbsp;(people power). Her work has appeared, among others, in&amp;amp;nbsp;OpenDemocracy,&amp;amp;nbsp;The Nation,&amp;amp;nbsp;The Toronto Star,&amp;amp;nbsp;Salon and  The Irish Times,&amp;amp;nbsp;as well as in many scholarly journals.&amp;amp;nbsp;She is currently a Research Associate at Waterford Institute of Technology and founding member of the Solonian Democracy Institute.   Like Professor Cartledge in episode 1 Roslyn is interested in what we can learn from the democracy of ancient Athens and like him, she sees technology as providing a way to scale up direct democracy. &amp;amp;nbsp;  Nadia Urbinati is a&amp;amp;nbsp;Professor of Political Theory and Hellenic Studies at Columbia University. She&amp;amp;nbsp;is a political theorist who specializes in modern and contemporary political thought and the democratic and anti-democratic traditions. &amp;amp;nbsp;Nadia has written extensively on democracy including two books:  Representative Democracy: Principles and Genealogy, Democracy Disfigured&amp;amp;nbsp;,&amp;amp;nbsp;and&amp;amp;nbsp;Mill on Democracy: From the Athenian Polis to&amp;amp;nbsp;Representative Government.&amp;amp;nbsp; &amp;amp;nbsp;   Nadia takes us through a potted history of&amp;amp;nbsp;representative democracy and explains four key&amp;amp;nbsp;elements of&amp;amp;nbsp;representative democracy and why they are crucial for an operating representative democracy:       Sovereignty&amp;amp;nbsp;of people&amp;amp;nbsp;expressed in electoral appointment of their representatives Free mandate for representatives Electoral mechanisms to ensure responsiveness by representatives Universal franchise.&amp;amp;nbsp;  Nadia identifies the dual authorities of citizens - our vote and our judgement -&amp;amp;nbsp;which while distinct and different are equally&amp;amp;nbsp;important. &amp;amp;nbsp; If you would like to hear more from Roslyn and Nadia visit my YouTube channel where I have included videos of other presentations and interviews by these guests. &amp;amp;nbsp; In next week’s episode, we&amp;amp;nbsp;will hear about a couple of the many&amp;amp;nbsp;different approaches to evaluating&amp;amp;nbsp;representative democracy: the Varieties of Democracy project, the Democracy Barometer, the Unified Democracy Scores and the work done by the Research Centre on Democracies and Democratizations in Rome. I hope you’ll join me then.   &amp;amp;nbsp; </description>
  <author_name>Real Democracy Now! a podcast</author_name>
  <author_url>http://www.realdemocracynow.com.au</author_url>
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