1 rich Libsyn https://www.libsyn.com 90 600 In 1828, Queen Ranavalona I took the throne of Madagascar—and began one of the most controversial reigns in African history. Determined to preserve Malagasy independence from growing European influence, Ranavalona expelled missionaries, restricted Christianity, resisted foreign powers, and fiercely defended traditional customs. Her methods could be brutal. Forced labor, military campaigns, executions, and the infamous tangena ordeal contributed to enormous suffering and population loss. European writers branded her the “Mad Queen of Madagascar,” portraying her as a bloodthirsty tyrant. But that image was also shaped by missionaries and colonial interests hostile to a ruler who refused to open her kingdom to European control. In this episode of History Shorts, we explore Ranavalona’s violent 33-year reign—and ask whether the “Mad Queen” was a monster, an anti-colonial ruler, or something far more complicated. &amp;nbsp; SUPPORT THE SHOW:&amp;nbsp;https://www.patreon.com/c/HistoryShortsPodcast ADVERTISE:&amp;nbsp;https://www.historyshortspodcast.com/advertise&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; LEARN MORE:&amp;nbsp;https://www.historyshortspodcast.com/ SPONSORED BY:&amp;nbsp;https://www.podcastrepublic.net/get-it-now&amp;nbsp; History Shorts https://www.historyshortspodcast.com <iframe title="Libsyn Player" style="border: none" src="//html5-player.libsyn.com/embed/episode/id/42826255/height/90/theme/custom/thumbnail/yes/direction/forward/render-playlist/no/custom-color/88AA3C/" height="90" width="600" scrolling="no" allowfullscreen webkitallowfullscreen mozallowfullscreen oallowfullscreen msallowfullscreen></iframe> https://assets.libsyn.com/secure/content/206075460