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  <title>Pranay Kotasthane on the Political Economy of Rare Earths and Critical Minerals</title>
  <description>Today my guest is&amp;amp;nbsp;Pranay Kotasthane&amp;amp;nbsp;who&amp;amp;nbsp;is&amp;amp;nbsp;the&amp;amp;nbsp;deputy director of the Takshashila Institution and chairs the&amp;amp;nbsp;High Tech Geopolitics Programme.&amp;amp;nbsp; Pranay co-writes&amp;amp;nbsp;Anticipating the Unintended,&amp;amp;nbsp;a newsletter on public policy ideas and frameworks, and co-hosts&amp;amp;nbsp;Puliyabaazi,&amp;amp;nbsp;a popular Hindi-Urdu podcast on politics, policy, and technology. He is the&amp;amp;nbsp;co-author of&amp;amp;nbsp;-&amp;amp;nbsp;Missing in Action: Why Should You Care About Public Policy,&amp;amp;nbsp;When the Chips are Down, and&amp;amp;nbsp;the graphic nonfiction narrative&amp;amp;nbsp;We, the Citizens.&amp;amp;nbsp;&amp;amp;nbsp; We spoke about rare earths and critical minerals, China’s dominance, the gap between India’s ambitions and opportunities, the potential for recycling, and much and more. Recorded February 2nd, 2026. Read a&amp;amp;nbsp;full transcript enhanced with helpful links. Learn more about&amp;amp;nbsp;The 1991 Fellowship. Connect with Ideas of India Follow us on X Follow&amp;amp;nbsp;Shruti&amp;amp;nbsp;on X Follow Pranay on X Click&amp;amp;nbsp;here&amp;amp;nbsp;for the latest Ideas of India episodes sent straight to your inbox. Timestamps (00:00:00) - 1991 Fellowship (00:01:11) - Intro (00:02:59) - Rare Earths versus Critical Minerals (00:10:15) - Why Are Rare Earths and Critical Minerals So Important Now? (00:29:29) - Geopolitical Uncertainty (00:33:14) - China’s Process Advantage (00:44:10) - Industrial Policy (00:48:10) - India’s Critical Elements Mission (00:53:00) - Auctions (00:56:53) - India’s Position in the Value Chain (01:04:36) - Recycling (01:34:04) - Law of One Price (01:41:28) - Pakistan and Rare Earth Reserves (01:46:26) - Outro </description>
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