1 rich Libsyn https://www.libsyn.com 90 600 This episode: Bacteria living inside soil fungus produce toxins that can protect their host from tiny predators! Download Episode&amp;nbsp;(7.7 MB, 11.2 minutes) Show notes: Microbe of the episode: Mycobacterium&amp;nbsp;virus DLane Takeaways Soils have many different organisms cooperating and competing for resources. Some little worms called nematodes prey on fungi in the soil, while fungi may effectively defend themselves or strike back with toxins or traps that catch and kill the worms. On top of these interactions are other organisms that interact in various ways. In this study, bacteria living inside a kind of soil fungus produce toxins that defend the fungus against predatory nematodes. &amp;nbsp; Journal Paper: Büttner H, Niehs SP, Vandelannoote K, Cseresnyés Z, Dose B, Richter I, Gerst R, Figge MT, Stinear TP, Pidot SJ, Hertweck C. 2021. Bacterial endosymbionts protect beneficial soil fungus from nematode attack. Proc Natl Acad Sci 118:e2110669118. Other interesting stories: Sequencing stomach bacteria to find out how prehistoric populations migrated &amp;nbsp; Email questions or comments to&amp;nbsp;bacteriofiles at gmail dot com. Thanks for listening! Subscribe: Apple Podcasts, Google Podcasts, Android, or&amp;nbsp;RSS. Support the show at Patreon, or check out the show at&amp;nbsp;Twitter&amp;nbsp;or&amp;nbsp;Facebook. BacterioFiles https://www.asm.org/bacteriofiles <iframe title="Libsyn Player" style="border: none" src="//html5-player.libsyn.com/embed/episode/id/21238430/height/90/theme/custom/thumbnail/yes/direction/forward/render-playlist/no/custom-color/a53939/" height="90" width="600" scrolling="no" allowfullscreen webkitallowfullscreen mozallowfullscreen oallowfullscreen msallowfullscreen></iframe> https://assets.libsyn.com/secure/item/21238430